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Nginx配置Fastcgi解析PHP时会调用fastcgi_params配置文件来传递服务器变量，默认内容如下：

#参数设定       #传递为PHP变量名    #Nginx自有变量，可自定义
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

可以修改配置文件设定自定义变量传递到php-cgi端：

fastcgi_param  haiyun      "Hello haiun";

新建php文件通过$_SERVER[""]变量测试：

<?
echo $_SERVER["haiyun"];
?>

curl www.haiyun.me/test.php
Hello haiyun

13-12-25更新，不推荐使用这种方式传递变量，会增加连接开销，可修改PHP-FPM配置文件传递变量：

env[haiyun] = test

安装perl-fcgi模块，有安装epel源可使用yum安装：

yum -y install perl-FCGI

编译安装：

wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/F/FL/FLORA/FCGI-0.74.tar.gz
tar zxvf FCGI-0.74.tar.gz 
cd FCGI-0.74
perl Makefile.PL
make
make install

新建perl脚本用做fastcgi进程管理，保存为/usr/bin/perl-fastcgi.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl

use FCGI;
use Socket;
use POSIX qw(setsid);

require 'syscall.ph';

&daemonize;

#this keeps the program alive or something after exec'ing perl scripts
END() { } BEGIN() { }
*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { die "fakeexit\nrc=".shift()."\n"; };
eval q{exit};
if ($@) {
    exit unless $@ =~ /^fakeexit/;
};

&main;

sub daemonize() {
    chdir '/'                 or die "Can't chdir to /: $!";
    defined(my $pid = fork)   or die "Can't fork: $!";
    exit if $pid;
    setsid                    or die "Can't start a new session: $!";
    umask 0;
}

sub main {
    #$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "127.0.0.1:8999", 10 ); #use IP sockets
        $socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "/tmp/perl-fastcgi.sock", 10 ); #use IP sockets
        $request = FCGI::Request( \*STDIN, \*STDOUT, \*STDERR, \%req_params, $socket );
        if ($request) { request_loop()};
            FCGI::CloseSocket( $socket );
}

sub request_loop {
        while( $request->Accept() >= 0 ) {

           #processing any STDIN input from WebServer (for CGI-POST actions)
           $stdin_passthrough ='';
           $req_len = 0 + $req_params{'CONTENT_LENGTH'};
           if (($req_params{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') && ($req_len != 0) ){
                my $bytes_read = 0;
                while ($bytes_read < $req_len) {
                        my $data = '';
                        my $bytes = read(STDIN, $data, ($req_len - $bytes_read));
                        last if ($bytes == 0 || !defined($bytes));
                        $stdin_passthrough .= $data;
                        $bytes_read += $bytes;
                }
            }

            #running the cgi app
            if ( (-x $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) &&  #can I execute this?
                 (-s $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) &&  #Is this file empty?
                 (-r $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME})     #can I read this file?
            ){
        pipe(CHILD_RD, PARENT_WR);
        my $pid = open(KID_TO_READ, "-|");
        unless(defined($pid)) {
            print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");
                        print "Error: CGI app returned no output - ";
                        print "Executing $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} failed !\n";
            next;
        }
        if ($pid > 0) {
            close(CHILD_RD);
            print PARENT_WR $stdin_passthrough;
            close(PARENT_WR);

            while(my $s = <KID_TO_READ>) { print $s; }
            close KID_TO_READ;
            waitpid($pid, 0);
        } else {
                    foreach $key ( keys %req_params){
                       $ENV{$key} = $req_params{$key};
                    }
                    # cd to the script's local directory
                    if ($req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} =~ /^(.*)\/[^\/]+$/) {
                            chdir $1;
                    }

            close(PARENT_WR);
            close(STDIN);
            #fcntl(CHILD_RD, F_DUPFD, 0);
            syscall(&SYS_dup2, fileno(CHILD_RD), 0);
            #open(STDIN, "<&CHILD_RD");
            exec($req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME});
            die("exec failed");
        }
            }
            else {
                print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");
                print "Error: No such CGI app - $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} may not ";
                print "exist or is not executable by this process.\n";
            }

        }
}

新建init脚本，用于管理perl-fastcgi，保存为/etc/init.d/perl-fastcgi

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx – this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

perlfastcgi="/usr/bin/perl-fastcgi.pl"
prog=$(basename perl)

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/perl-fastcgi

start() {
    [ -x $perlfastcgi ] || exit 5
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $perlfastcgi
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    stop
    start
}

reload() {
    echo -n $”Reloading $prog: ”
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}
rh_status() {
    status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
        exit 2
    esac

启动perl-fastcgi进程：

chmod +x /usr/bin/perl-fastcgi.pl 
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/perl-fastcgi
/etc/init.d/perl-fastcgi start
chkconfig perl-fastcgi on

Nginx配置：

server
    {
        listen       80;
        server_name www.haiyun.me;
        index index.pl index.html;
        root  /home/wwwroot/www.haiyun.me;

                location ~ .*\.(pl|cgi)?$
                {
                fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/perl-fastcgi.sock;
                fastcgi_index index.cgi;
                fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;  
                include         fastcgi_params;  
                }
                access_log none;
}

新建index.pl脚本测试，加x执行权限。

#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
print "<html><body>Hello, world.</body></html>";

访问https://www.haiyun.me，如果正常就会显示Hello,world.