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单线ADSL带宽4M，线路损耗后实际速度3.5M左右，上传350k左右，由于ADSL满速下载、上传速度会变慢，配置ROS最高上传、下载不得超过总带宽90%，QOS配置如下：
首先分类标记上传、下载数据：

#https://www.haiyun.me
/ip firewall mangle
#小数据
add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=Small-conn passthrough=yes protocol=icmp comment=Small
add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=Small-conn passthrough=yes protocol=udp dst-port=53
add chain=postrouting action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=Small-conn passthrough=yes protocol=udp dst-port=53
add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=Small-conn passthrough=yes protocol=udp dst-port=123
add chain=postrouting action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=Small-up passthrough=no out-interface=pppoe-out1 connection-mark=Small-conn 
add chain=prerouting action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=Small-up passthrough=no in-interface=bridge-local connection-mark=Small-conn 
add chain=prerouting action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=Small-down passthrough=no in-interface=pppoe-out1 connection-mark=Small-conn 
#SSH及VPN
add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=SSH-conn passthrough=yes protocol=tcp dst-port=22 comment=SSH
add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=SSH-conn passthrough=yes protocol=tcp dst-port=23
add chain=prerouting action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=SSH-up passthrough=no in-interface=bridge-local connection-mark=SSH-conn 
add chain=prerouting action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=SSH-down passthrough=no in-interface=pppoe-out1 connection-mark=SSH-conn 
#网页数据
add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=HTTP-conn passthrough=yes protocol=tcp dst-port=80 comment=HTTP
add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=HTTP-conn passthrough=yes protocol=tcp dst-port=443
add chain=prerouting action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=HTTP-up passthrough=no in-interface=bridge-local connection-mark=HTTP-conn 
add chain=prerouting action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=HTTP-down passthrough=no in-interface=pppoe-out1 connection-mark=HTTP-conn 
#其它
add chain=prerouting action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=Other-conn passthrough=yes comment=Other
add chain=prerouting action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=Other-up passthrough=no in-interface=bridge-local connection-mark=Other-conn 
add chain=prerouting action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=Other-down passthrough=no in-interface=pppoe-out1 connection-mark=Other-conn

新建队列类型为PCQ：

#pcq-rate为每个了数据流最大速度，0为按数据流数公平分配带宽，pcq-limit为每一数据流队列长度；
#pcq-total-limit不能小于内网主机数*pcq-limit。
/queue type 
add name="Small-down" kind=pcq pcq-rate=0 pcq-limit=50 pcq-classifier=dst-address pcq-total-limit=2000 
add name="Small-up" kind=pcq pcq-rate=50k pcq-limit=50 pcq-classifier=src-address pcq-total-limit=2000 
add name="SSH-down" kind=pcq pcq-rate=0 pcq-limit=50 pcq-classifier=dst-address pcq-total-limit=2000 
add name="SSH-up" kind=pcq pcq-rate=50k pcq-limit=50 pcq-classifier=src-address pcq-total-limit=2000 
add name="HTTP-down" kind=pcq pcq-rate=0 pcq-limit=50 pcq-classifier=dst-address pcq-total-limit=2000 
add name="HTTP-up" kind=pcq pcq-rate=80k pcq-limit=50 pcq-classifier=src-address pcq-total-limit=2000 
add name="Other-down" kind=pcq pcq-rate=0 pcq-limit=50 pcq-classifier=dst-address pcq-total-limit=2000 
add name="Other-up" kind=pcq pcq-rate=30k pcq-limit=50 pcq-classifier=src-address pcq-total-limit=2000 

添加队列树调用之前标记的数据包设置优先级，队列类型设置为之前新建的PCQ类型。

/queue tree
add name="Parent-up" parent=global-out limit-at=330k max-limit=330k
add name="Parent-down" parent=global-in limit-at=3300k max-limit=3300k
add name=Small-up parent=Parent-up packet-mark=Small-up limit-at=70k max-limit=150k queue=Small-up priority=1
add name=Small-down parent=Parent-down packet-mark=Small-down limit-at=500k max-limit=1000k queue=Small-down priority=1
add name=SSH-up parent=Parent-up packet-mark=SSH-up limit-at=70k max-limit=200k queue=SSH-up priority=2
add name=SSH-down parent=Parent-down packet-mark=SSH-down limit-at=500k max-limit=1000k queue=SSH-down priority=2
add name=HTTP-up parent=Parent-up packet-mark=HTTP-up limit-at=150k max-limit=200k queue=HTTP-up priority=3
add name=HTTP-down parent=Parent-down packet-mark=HTTP-down limit-at=2000k max-limit=3000k queue=HTTP-down priority=3
add name=Other-up parent=Parent-up packet-mark=Other-up limit-at=20k max-limit=80k queue=Other-up priority=4
add name=Other-down parent=Parent-down packet-mark=Other-down limit-at=200k max-limit=2000k queue=Other-down priority=4

ROS路由设置HTB+PCQ流量控制的一些注意事项：

1.WAN限制上传，按源地址分组；LAN限制下载，按目标地址分组；
2.passthrough是否继续向下匹配此链接，选择yes会向下匹配，下面规则如有匹配标记会改变；
3.在HTB首先满足Limit At，在父级有剩余带宽的前提下才会Max Limit，优先级高的队列优先获得Max Limit；
4.mark-connection的数据包是双向的，然后通过mark-pack区分上传和下载；
5.global-in在DNAT后，global-out在SNAT前，分别可匹配目标地址和源地址。

ROS数据包流程图：

ROS下UPNP配置：

#https://www.haiyun.me
ip upnp set enabled=yes 
ip upnp interfaces add interface=pppoe-out1 type=external disabled=no 
ip upnp interfaces add interface=bridge-local type=internal disabled=no 

启动支持UPNP的软件进行测试，如迅雷：

ip firewall nat print all 
chain=srcnat action=masquerade out-interface=pppoe-out1 
chain=dstnat action=dst-nat to-addresses=192.168.1.250 to-ports=41019 protocol=tcp\
 dst-address=8.8.8.8 dst-port=41019 
chain=dstnat action=dst-nat to-addresses=192.168.1.250 to-ports=64677 protocol=udp\
 dst-address=8.8.8.8 dst-port=41019 

可见UPNP已为迅雷添加端口DNAT。

用ROS配置PPPOE服务器，连接 PPPOE服务器监听数据包如下：

07:50:52.398419 PPPoE PADI [Service-Name] [Host-Uniq 0x12150000]
07:50:52.398461 PPPoE PADO [Host-Uniq 0x12150000] [Service-Name] [AC-Name "MikroTik"] [Service-Name "pppoe"]
07:50:52.400079 PPPoE PADR [Service-Name] [Host-Uniq 0x12150000]
07:50:52.400120 PPPoE PADS [ses 0x12] [Host-Uniq 0x12150000] [Service-Name]
07:50:52.402604 PPPoE  [ses 0x12] LCP, Conf-Request (0x01), id 1, length 16
07:50:52.402611 PPPoE  [ses 0x12] LCP, Conf-Request (0x01), id 1, length 21
07:50:52.402611 PPPoE  [ses 0x12] LCP, Conf-Ack (0x02), id 1, length 16
07:50:52.403494 PPPoE  [ses 0x12] LCP, Conf-Ack (0x02), id 1, length 21
07:50:52.403502 PPPoE  [ses 0x12] CHAP, Challenge (0x01), id 1, Value 3cca193423b93a6e8b13609aa4209bf1, Name MikroTik
07:50:52.406462 PPPoE  [ses 0x12] LCP, Echo-Request (0x09), id 0, length 10
07:50:52.406467 PPPoE  [ses 0x12] LCP, Echo-Reply (0x0a), id 0, length 10
07:50:52.408030 PPPoE  [ses 0x12] CHAP, Response (0x02), id 1, Value 8fbdbac8f438f0c540fc21f801d0e6fe, Name user
07:50:52.408050 PPPoE  [ses 0x12] CHAP, Success (0x03), id 1, Msg Welcome.

PPPOE连接验证流程如下：

#https://www.haiyun.me
客户端开始连接发送广播包PADI寻找PPPOE服务器
PPPOE服务器接受到PADI广播包后，回复PADO注明主机名、服务类型。
客户端选择PPPOE服务器。
PPPOE服务器收到客户端发送的PADR消息后，给客户端分配会话ID并进行会话确认。
PPPOE服务器主动向客户端主动发起连接，发送一些随机字符串、id和PPPOE服务器的主机名作为连接信息。
客户端根据PPPOE服务器连接信息中字符串、id、主机名、账号密码计算出md5值发送给PPPOE服务器，同时明文发送账号。
PPPOE服务器确认验证信息是否正确，若正确定进行网络配置阶段，错误则断开链路。

1.ROS网络管理功能十分强大，如需简单对IP或网段进行限速可使用简单队列限速。

queue simple add target-addresses=192.168.0.0/24 limit-at=500000/1000000  max-limit=1000000/2000000 \
burst-threshold=1000000/1000000 burst-limit=1000000/3000000 burst-time=8/8 
#limit-at 限制在此速率
#max-limit 空闲时可用最大速率，未设置等于limit-at
#burst-threshold 速率阀值
#burst-limit 单位时间内速率低于阀值，可突破至此速率
#burst time 突破速率的时间间隔

2.使用简单限速用户较少时会造成带宽的浪费，为此可使用PCQ动态限速。

queue type add name=down-pcq kind=pcq pcq-rate=0 pcq-limit=50 pcq-total-limit=2000 pcq-classifier=dst-address
#PCQ下载队列，针对内部目标IP
#默认情况下仅能容纳50个用户，即2000/50，用户较多时可调整pcq-total-limit或pcq-limit数值
queue type add name=up-pcq kind=pcq pcq-rate=0 pcq-limit=50 pcq-total-limit=2000 pcq-classifier=src-address   
#PCQ上传队列，针对内部源IP
queue simple add name=pcq-queue target-addresses=192.168.1.0/24 max-limit=500000/1000000 queue=up-pcq/down-pcq
#新建简单队列应用PCQ规则

3.基于等级优先级HTB设置,可针对IP、协议进行限制。

ip firewall mangle add chain=forward action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=1.2 src-address=192.168.1.2 passthrough=yes 
ip firewall mangle add chain=forward action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=1.3 src-address=192.168.1.3 passthrough=yes 
#标记特定的连接
ip firewall mangle add chain=forward action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=1.2 connection-mark=1.3 passthrough=no 
ip firewall mangle add chain=forward action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=1.3 connection-mark=1.3 passthrough=no 
#标记特定连接的所有数据包

建立父队列：

queue tree add name=totaldown parent=ether2 limit-at=2000000 max-limit=2000000
queue tree add name=totalup parent=ether1 limit-at=500000 max-limit=500000 
#标记数据LAN为下载，WAN为上传
#Global-in识别Prerouting标记的数据
#Global-out/total能识别pre，forward，post标记的数据

建立子队列：

queue tree add name=pc1.2down parent=totaldown limit-at=2000000 max-limit=2000000 priority=2 
queue tree add name=pc1.2up parent=totalup limit-at=500000 max-limit=5555500000 priority=2 
queue tree add name=pc1.3down parent=totaldown  limit-at=1000000 max-limit=1000000 priority=3 
queue tree add name=pc1.3up parent=totalup  limit-at=500000 max-limit=500000 priority=3