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安装ssl证书获取工具certbot，安装前先删除request及urllib包，不然可以会出现No module named 'requests.packages.urllib3' 的错误：

pip uninstall requests -y
pip uninstall urllib3 -y
yum remove python-urllib3 -y
yum remove python-requests -y
yum install python-urllib3 -y
yum install python-requests -y
yum install certbot -y

centos8直接下载certbot，运行时会自动安装依赖：

wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto

获取证书，成功后证书文件在 /etc/letsencrypt/live/haiyun.me/目录下

certbot certonly --webroot --email sss@haiyun.me --agree-tos --no-eff-email -w /var/www/www.haiyun.me -d haiyun.me -d www.haiyun.me

配置nginx：

  listen       443 default ssl ;
  server_name www.haiyun.me haiyun.me;
  index index.html index.htm index.php; 
  root  /var/www/www.haiyun.me;
  ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/haiyun.me/fullchain.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/haiyun.me/privkey.pem;
  ssl_protocols       TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
  ssl_ciphers         HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

由于Let's Encrypt的免费证书有效期为3个月，60天可以更新，使用cron定时任务自动更新证书：

00 01 * * * certbot renew --renew-hook "nginx -s reload"

吊销证书：

certbot revoke --cert-path /etc/letsencrypt/live/haiyun.me/cert.pem --key-path /etc/letsencrypt/live/haiyun.me/privkey.pem 

迁移服务器备份：

cd /etc/letsencrypt
tar zcf letsencrypt.tar.gz archive live renewal

跟踪路由时显示IP运营商、ASN及所在位置：

yum install unzip wget -y
wget https://cdn.ipip.net/17mon/besttrace4linux.zip
unzip -d /usr/local/bin/ besttrace4linux.zip "besttrace"
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/besttrace 
#如需非root运行
setcap cap_net_raw=+eip /usr/local/bin/besttrace 
alias 'besttrace=besttrace -q 1'
echo "alias 'besttrace=besttrace -q 1'" >> /root/.bashrc